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? ? ?? ? ? ?? picor ? corporation ??? picorpower.com ???? qpi \ 21 ?? ? preliminary ??????????? rev ? 1.3, ? page ? 1 ? of ? 13 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? ? 14a ? active ? emi ? filter ? sip ? for ? 48 ? vdc ? bus ? ? description: ? ? the ? qpi \ 21 ? active ? emi ? filter ? attenuates ? conducted ? common \ mode ? (cm) ? and ? differential \ mode ? (dm) ? noise ? over ? the ? cispr22 ? frequency ? range ? of ? 150 ? khz ? to ? 30 ? mhz. ? the ? product ? is ? designed ? for ? use ? in ? 48 ? vdc ? bus ? (36 ? ? ? 76 ? vdc) ? systems, ? with ? 100 ? vdc ? surge ? capability. ? the ? qpi \ 21?s ? 14a ? rating ? supports ? multiple ? dc \ dc ? converter ? loads ? up ? to ? an ? ambient ? temperature ? of ? 65c ? without ? de \ rating. ? designed ? for ? the ? telecom ? and ? ite ? bus ? range, ? the ? qpi \ 21 ? supports ? the ? picmg? ? 3.0 ? specification ? for ? filtering ? system ? boards ? to ? the ? en55022 ? class ? b ? limits. ??? ? in ? comparison ? to ? passive ? solutions, ? the ? use ? of ? active ? filtering ? reduces ? component ? size ? and ? therefore ? reduces ? the ? overall ? package ? size. ? the ? picor ? qpi \ 21 ? smaller ? size ? saves ? valuable ? board ? real ? estate ? and ? the ? reduced ? height ? enhances ? airflow ? in ? blade ? applications. ? ? the ? qpi \ 21 ? is ? available ? as ? a ? lidded ? or ? an ? open \ frame ? sip ? (system \ in \ package) ? with ? lga ? mounting. ? evaluation ? boards ? are ? available ? to ? allow ? for ? quick ? in \ circuit ? testing ? of ? the ? qpi \ 21lz ? within ? an ? existing ? system ? design. features: ? ? ? 45 ? db ? cm ? attenuation ? at ? 250 ? khz ? (50 ) ? ? 80 ? db ? dm ? attenuation ? at ? 250 ? khz ? (50 ) ? ? 80 ? vdc ? (max ? input) ? ? 100 ? vdc ? surge ? 100 ? ms ? ? 1,500 ? vdc ? hipot ? hold ? off ? to ? shield ? plane ? ? 14 ? a ? rating ? ? 25.3 ? x ? 25.3 ? x ? 5.0 ? mm ? lidded ? sip ? (system \ in \ package) ? ? 24.9 ? x ? 24.9 ? x ? 4.4 ? mm ? open \ frame ? sip ? ? low ? profile ? lga ? package ? ? \ 40 ? to ? +125c ? ambient ? temperature ? (see ? figure ? 11) ? ? efficiency ? >99% ? ? connect ? in ? series ? for ? higher ? attenuation ? ? pads ? for ? additional ? x ? filtering ? capacitance ? ? tv ? certification ? (1) ? note ? 1: ? ? certification ? is ? in ? process. ? use ? of ? the ? ce ? mark ? for ? graphical ? purposes ? only ? in ? figure ? 1 ? applications ? ? ? atca ? blades ? ? telecom ? base ? stations ? ? iba ? & ? distributed ? power ? ? network ? switches ? and ? routers ? ? optical ? line \ cards ? ? td \ scma ? wireless ? infrastructure ?? ? ? typical ? application: ? in+ in- pr out+ out- pc sc sense+ sense- shield plane bus+ bus- chassis/shield cb1 cy1 cy2 load cy3 cy4 cin shie ld ? bus+ qpi+ bus- qpi- xy+ xy- cx1 ? ? figure ? 2 ? ? ? typical ? qpi \ 21 ? circuit ? with ? a ? vicor ? brick ? converter. ? optional ? x ? (cx1) ? filter ? capacitor ? shown. ? (2) ? ? note ? 2: ? cb1, ? cx1 ? capacitors, ? referenced ? in ? all ? schematics, ? are ? a ? 47uf ? electrolytic; ? united ? chemi \ con ? emve101ara470mke0s ? or ? equivalent. ? cy1 ? to ? cy4, ? referenced ? in ? all ? schematics, ? are ? 4.7nf ? hi \ voltage ? safety ? capacitors; ? vishay ? vy1472m63y5uq63v0 ? or ? equivalent. ? cin ? is ? the ? converter ? manufacturer?s ? recommended ? value ? for ? input ? capacitor. ? ? ? figure ? 1 ?\? qpi \ 21lz ?? ? (~1 ? in 2 ? area) ?
? ? ?? ? ? ?? picor ? corporation ??? picorpower.com ???? qpi \ 21 ?? ? preliminary ??????????? rev ? 1.3, ? page ? 2 ? of ? 13 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? ? absolute ? maximum ? ratings ? ? ? exceeding ? these ? parameters ? may ? result ? in ? permanent ? damage ? to ? the ? product. ? input ? voltage, ? bus+ ? to ? bus \ , ? continuous ?\ 80 ? to ? 80 ? vdc ? input ? voltage, ? bus+ ? to ? bus \ , ? 100ms ? transient ?\ 100 ? to ? 100 ? vdc ? bus+/ ? bus \? to ? shield ? pads, ? hi \ pot ? \ 1500 ? to ? 1500 ? vdc ? input ? to ? output ? current, ? continuous ? @ ? 25c ? t a ? 14 ? adc ? input ? to ? output ? current, ? 10 ? seconds ? @ ? 25c ? t a ? 20 ? adc ? power ? dissipation, ? @ ? 65c ? t a , ? 14 ? a (3) ? 2.9 ? w ? operating ? temperature ?\? t a ? \ 40 ? to ? 125 ? c ? thermal ? resistance (3) ?\? r ? j \ a , ? using ? pcb ? layout ? in ? figure ? 21 ? 20 ? c/w ? thermal ? resistance (3) ?\? r ? j \ pcb ? ? 8 ? c/w ? storage ? temperature, ? jedec ? standard ? j \ std \ 033b ?\ 55 ? to ? 125 ? c ? reflow ? temperature, ? 20 ? s ? exposure ? 245 ? c ? esd, ? human ? body ? model ? (hbm) ? \ 2000 ? to ? 2000 ? v ? ? electrical ? characteristics ? ? ? parameter ? limits ? apply ? over ? the ? operating ? temp. ? range, ? unless ? otherwise ? noted. ? parameter ? notes ? min ? typ ? max ? units ? bus+ ? to ? bus \? input ? range ? measured ? at ? 14 ? a, ? 65c ? ambient ? temperature (3) ? 30 ?? 80 ? vdc ? bus+ ? to ? qpi+ ? voltage ? drop ? measured ? at ? 14 ? a, ? 65c ? ambient ? temperature (3) ??? 156 ? mvdc ? bus \? to ? qpi \? voltage ? drop ? measured ? at ? 14 ? a, ? 65c ? ambient ? temperature (3) ??? 50 ? mvdc ? common ? mode ? attenuation ? vbus ? = ? 48 ? v, ? frequency ? = ? 250 ? khz, ? line ? impedance ? = ? 50 ? ? 45 ?? db ? differential ? mode ? attenuation ? vbus ? = ? 48 ? v, ? frequency ? = ? 250 ? khz, ? line ? impedance ? = ? 50 ? ? 80 ?? db ? input ? bias ? current ? at ? 80 ? v ? input ? current ? from ? bus+ ? to ? bus \? ? 8 ?? ma ? note ? 3: ? see ? figure ? 11 ? ? for ? the ? current ? de \ rating ? curve. ? ? pad ? descriptions ? pad ? number ? name ? description ? lga ? pattern ? (top ? view) ? 12, ? 13, ? 14 ? bus+ ? positive ? bus ? potential ? 1, ? 15, ? 16 ? bus \? negative ? bus ? potential ? 7, ? 8, ? 9 ? qpi+ ? positive ? input ? to ? the ? converter ? 4, ? 5, ? 6 ? qpi \? negative ? input ? to ? the ? converter ? 2, ? 3 ? shield ? shield ? connects ? to ? the ? system ? chassis ? or ? to ? a ? safety ? ground. ? 10 ? xy \? negative ? rail ? node ? for ? additional ? x ? filtering ? capacitance. ? adding ? y ? capacitors ? from ? this ? pin ? to ? ground ? is ? not ? recommended ? 11 ? xy+ ? positive ? rail ? node ? for ? additional ? x ?? capacitance. ? adding ? y ? capacitors ? from ? this ? pin ? to ? ground ? is ? not ? recommended ? ? ? ? ordering ? information ? part ? number ? description ? qpi \ 21lz (4) ? qpi \ 21 ? lga ? package, ? rohs ? compliant ? qpi \ 21lz \ 01 ? qpi \ 21 ? lga ? package, ? rohs ? compliant, ? open ? frame ? package ? note ? 4: ? qpi \ 21lz ? is ? a ? non \ hermetically ? sealed ? package. ? please ? read ? the ? ?post ? solder ? cleaning? ? section ? on ? page ? 12. ? ? qpi \ 21 ? evaluation ? boards ? part ? # ? description: ? qpi \ 21 \ cb1 ? a ? qpi \ 21lz ? mounted ? on ? a ? carrier ? board ? designed ? for ? use ? with ? dosa ? compliant ? footprint ? dc \ dc ? converters. ?? screw ? terminal ? blocks ? to ? allow ? for ? easy ? connection ? into ? an ? existing ? system. ?
? ? ?? ? ? ?? picor ? corporation ??? picorpower.com ???? qpi \ 21 ?? ? preliminary ??????????? rev ? 1.3, ? page ? 3 ? of ? 13 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? ? emi ? management ? the ? more ? effectively ? emi ? is ? managed ? at ? the ? source, ? namely ? the ? power ? converter, ? the ? less ? emi ? attenuation ? will ? be ? required ? to ? meet ? a ? given ? standard. ? the ? addition ? of ? ?y? ? capacitors ? to ? the ? input ? and ? output ? power ? nodes ? of ? the ? converter ? will ? help ? to ? limit ? the ? amount ? of ? common ? mode ? emi ? that ? will ? propagate ? to ? the ? input ? source. ?? ? ? figure ? 3 ? ? ? an ? unfiltered ? converter?s ? response ? to ? ?open \ frame? ? (light ? blue) ? and ? ?base \ plate? ? (purple) ? emi ? configurations. ? ? ? ? ? ? there ? are ? two ? basic ? topologies ? for ? the ? connection ? of ? the ? re \ circulating ? ?y? ? capacitors, ? referred ? to ? as ? ?open \ frame? ? and ? ?base \ plate?. ? figure ? 3 ? illustrates ? how ? a ? converters ? total ? conducted ? noise ? profile ? can ? vary ? with ? one ? topology ? versus ? another. ? the ? emi ? generated ? by ? the ? ?base \ plate? ? configuration ? is ? much ? greater ? than ? that ? generated ? by ? the ? ?open \ frame? ? in ? this ? example. ? selecting ? the ? right ? topology ? will ? greatly ? reduce ? the ? amount ? of ? emi ? signal ? that ? needs ? to ? be ? filtered. ? ? figure ? 2 ? shows ? the ? base \ plate ? topology ? of ? re \ circulating ? ?y? ? capacitors. ?? here, ? cy1 ? to ? cy4 ? are ? connected ? to ? each ? power ? node ? of ? the ? dc \ dc ? converter, ? and ? then ? are ? connected ? together ? on ? a ? copper ? shield ? plane ? created ? under ? the ? converter. ?? the ? addition ? of ? the ? copper ? shield ? plane ? helps ? in ? the ? containment ? of ? the ? radiated ? emi, ? converting ? it ? back ? to ? conducted ? emi ? and ? shunting ? it ? back ? to ? its ? source. ? ? in ? figure ? 4, ? the ? open \ frame ? topology ? is ? shown ? where ? the ? ?y? ? capacitors ? (cy1 ? and ? cy2) ? re \ circulate ? the ? emi ? signals ? between ? the ? positive ? input ? and ? output, ? and ? the ? negative ? input ? and ? output ? nodes ? of ? the ? power ? conversion ? stage. ? safety ? and ? system ? requirements ? may ? dictate ? that ? some ? converters ? must ? have ? the ? output ? return ? ( \ ) ? directly ?? connected ? to ? earth ? ground. ? this ? connection ? can ? impact ? performance ? of ? some ? filter ? solutions, ? where ? the ? qpi \ 21 ? works ? well ? in ? this ? configuration. ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? in+ in- pr out+ out- pc sc sense+ sense- bus+ bus- chassis/shield cb1 cin cy1 cy2 lo a d o ptional c hassis c onnection shield ? bus+ qpi+ bus- qpi- xy+ xy- ? figure ? 4 ?\? typical ? ?open \ frame" ? application ? with ? an ? optional ? connection ? of ? the ? chassis ? to ? out \? of ? the ? converter. ? ? ? ?
? ? ?? ? ? ?? picor ? corporation ??? picorpower.com ???? qpi \ 21 ?? ? preliminary ??????????? rev ? 1.3, ? page ? 4 ? of ? 13 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? ? applications ? information ? ? emi ? sources ? many ? of ? the ? components ? in ? today?s ? power ? conversion ? modules ? are ? sources ? of ? high \ frequency ? emi ? noise ? generation. ?? diodes, ? high \ frequency ? switching ? devices, ? transformers ? and ? inductors, ? and ? circuit ? layouts ? passing ? high ? dv/dt ? or ? di/dt ? signals ? are ? all ? potential ? sources ? of ? emi. ? ? emi ? is ? propagated ? either ? by ? radiated ? or ? conductive ? means. ?? radiated ? emi ? can ? be ? sourced ? from ? these ? components ? as ? well ? as ? by ? circuit ? loops ? that ? act ? like ? antennas ? and ? broadcast ? the ? noise ? signals ? to ? neighboring ? circuit ? paths. ? this ? also ? means ? that ? these ? loops ? can ? act ? as ? receivers ? of ? a ? broadcasted ? signal. ?? this ? radiated ? emi ? noise ? can ? be ? reduced ? by ? proper ? circuit ? layout ? and ? by ? shielding ? potential ? sources ? of ? emi ? transmission. ? ? there ? are ? two ? basic ? forms ? of ? conducted ? emi ? that ? typically ? need ? to ? be ? filtered; ? namely ? common \ mode ? (cm) ? and ? differential \ mode ? (dm) ? emi. ? differential \ mode ? resides ? in ? the ? normal ? power ? loop ? of ? a ? power ? source ? and ? its ? load; ? where ? the ? signal ? travels ? from ? the ? source ? to ? the ? load ? and ? then ? returns ? to ? the ? source. ? common \ mode ? is ? a ? signal ? that ? travels ? through ? both ? leads ? of ? the ? source ? and ? is ? returned ? to ? earth ? via ? parasitic ? pathways, ? either ? capacitively ? or ? inductively ? coupled. ? ? figure ? 3 ? to ?? figure ? 6 ? are ? the ? resulting ? emi ? plots, ? after ? filtering ? by ? the ? qpi \ 21, ? of ? the ? total ? noise, ? both ? common ? and ? differential ? mode, ? of ? a ? dosa ? ( d istributed \ power ? o pen ? s tandards ? a lliance) ? compliant ? converter. ? these ? converters ? are ? mounted ? on ? a ? qpi \ 21 ? evaluation ? board ? and ? tested ? under ? various ? loads. ? the ? red ? and ? blue ? traces ? represent ? the ? positive ? and ? negative ? branches ? of ? total ? noise, ? as ? measured ? using ? an ? industry ? standard ? lisn ? setup, ? as ? is ? shown ? in ? figures ? 11 ? to ? 13. ? ? differential \ mode ? emi ? is ? typically ? larger ? in ? magnitude ? than ? common \ mode, ? since ? common \ mode ? is ? produced ? by ? the ? physical ? imbalances ? in ? the ? differential ? loop ? path. ?? reducing ? differential ? emi ? will ? cause ? a ? reduction ? in ? common \ mode ? emi. ? ? passive ? emi ? filtering ? the ? basic ? premise ? of ? filtering ? emi ? is ? to ? insert ? a ? high \ impedance, ? at ? the ? emi?s ? base ? frequency, ? in ? both ? the ? differential ? and ? common \ mode ? paths ? as ? it ? returns ? to ? the ? power ? source. ? ? passive ? filters ? use ? common \ mode ? chokes ? and ? ?y? ? capacitors ? to ? filter ? out ? common \ mode ? emi. ?? these ? chokes ? are ? designed ? to ? present ? a ? high \ impedance ? at ? the ? emi ? frequency ? in ? series ? with ? the ? return ? path, ? and ? a ? low ? impedance ? path ? to ? the ? earth ? signal ? via ? the ? ?y? ? caps. ?? this ? network ? will ? force ? the ? emi ? signals ? to ? re \ circulate ? within ? a ? confined ? area ? and ? not ? to ? propagate ? to ? the ? outside ? world. ?? often ? two ? common \ mode ? networks ? are ? required ? to ? filter ? emi ? within ? the ? frequency ? span ? required ? to ? ? pass ? the ? en55022 ? class ? b ? limits. ? ? the ? other ? component ? of ? the ? passive ? filter ? is ? the ? differential ? lc ? network. ?? again, ? the ? inductor ? is ? chosen ? such ? that ? it ? will ? present ? a ? high \ impedance ? in ? the ? differential ? emi ? loop ? at ? the ? emi?s ? base ? frequency. ?? the ? differential ? capacitor ? will ? then ? shunt ? the ? emi ? back ? to ? its ? source. ?? the ? qpi \ 21 ? was ? specifically ? designed ? to ? work ? with ? conventional ? switching ? frequency ? converters ? that ? are ? typically ? more ? difficult ? to ? filter ? using ? passive ? techniques. ? ? active ? emi ? filtering ? picor?s ? qpi \ 21 ? active ? emi ? filter ? uses ? the ? same ? basic ? principles ? for ? filtering ? as ? the ? passive ? approach, ? but ? its ? active ? common \ mode ? filter ? can ? perform ? as ? well ? as ? a ? passive ? filter, ? when ? filtering ? lower ? frequencies, ? in ? much ? less ? board ? area ? and ? power ? dissipation. ?? ? ? ? figure ? 5 ? ? ? simplified ? active ? emi ? filter ? circuit. ? ? typically, ? the ? lower ? the ? frequency ? the ? greater ? the ? needed ? inductance ? would ? be ? to ? properly ? filter ? the ? emi ? signal. ?? this ? means ? either ? a ? larger ? core ? or ? a ? greater ? number ? of ? turns ? on ? a ? smaller ? core. ?? a ? larger ? core ? requires ? more ? board ? space, ? where ? a ? smaller ? core ? with ? more ? turns ? has ? a ? greater ? amount ? of ? unwanted ? parasitics ? that ? can ? affect ? the ? filters ? ability ? to ? attenuate ? emi ? signals. ? ? figure ? 5 ? is ? a ? simplified ? schematic ? of ? the ? qpi \ 21?s ? active ? and ? passive ? circuitry ? used ? for ? emi ? filtering. ?? the ? qpi \ 21?s ? active ? filter ? uses ? a ? small ? high \ frequency ? common \ mode ? transformer ? to ? filter ? the ? higher ? frequencies ? and ? adds ? a ? sensing ? element ? to ?? it ? so ? that ? the ? lower ? frequency ? common ? mode ? signal ? can ? be ? sensed ? and ? a ? correction ? signal ? can ? be ? generated ? and ? inserted ? into ? the ? shield ? connection. ?? by ? this ? means, ? the ? qpi \ 21 ? is ? capable ? of ? providing ? emi ? filtering ? of ? converters ? in ? far ? less ? space ? than ? standard ? passive ? filters ? and ? can ? provide ? filtering ? over ? the ? entire ? en55022 ? class ? b ? range. ?
? ? ?? ? ? ?? picor ? corporation ??? picorpower.com ???? qpi \ 21 ?? ? preliminary ??????????? rev ? 1.3, ? page ? 5 ? of ? 13 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? ? attenuation ? plots: ?? all ? converters ? have ? their ? output ? ground ? connected ? to ? chassis/earth ? ground. ? ? figure ? 3 ? ? ? ericsson ? pkm ? 4402ng ? using ? open \ frame ? ?y? ? capacitors ? on ? qpi \ 21 \ cb1 ? evaluation ? board, ? 414w ? load. ? ? ? figure ? 4 ?\? ericsson ? pkm ? 4402ng ? using ? open \ frame ? ?y? ? capacitors ? on ? qpi \ 21 \ cb1 ? evaluation ? board, ? 414w ? load, ? converter?s ? output ? ground ? connected ? to ? earth. ? ? ? figure ? 5 ?\? ericsson ? pkm4304b ? pi ? using ? base \ plate ? ?y? ? capacitors ? with ? a ? 360w ? load. ? ? figure ? 6 ? ? ? ericsson ? pkm4304b ? pi ? using ? base \ plate ? ?y? ? capacitors ? with ? a ? 360w ? load, ? cx1 ? = ? 47uf ? (see ? figure ? 2). ? the ? emi ? results ? in ? figures ? 6 ? and ? 7 ? are ? of ? the ? total ? noise ? measured ? using ? the ? qpi \ 21. ? there ? are ? no ? additional ? filtering ? components ? (as ? shown ? in ? figure ? 2) ? with ? and ? without ? the ? converter?s ? output ? ground ? connected ? to ? chassis/earth, ? in ? an ? open \ frame ? ?y? ? capacitor ? topology ? (as ? shown ? in ? figure ? 2). ? ? the ? emi ? results ? in ? figures ? 8 ? and ? 9 ? are ? of ? the ? total ? noise ? measured ? using ? a ? qpi \ 21, ? without ? additional ? filtering ? components ? (figure ? 5) ? and ? with ? a ? cx1 ? capacitor ? of ? 47uf ? (figure ? 6). ?? through ? the ? use ? of ? emi ? splitters, ? the ? emi ? peak ? at ? the ? fundamental ? switching ? frequency ? was ? determined ? to ? be ? mostly ? differential ? mode ? current. ?? the ? addition ? of ? a ? 47uf ? capacitor ? reduced ? the ? total ? peak ? by ? about ? 6dbuv ? (figure ? 7, ? trace ? 2 ? to ? trace ? 3). ? ? ? ? figure ? 7 ? ? ? cm ? peak ? measurements ? with ? a ? 10uf ? and ? 47uf ? cx1 ? capacitor. ?
? ? ?? ? ? ?? picor ? corporation ??? picorpower.com ???? qpi \ 21 ?? ? preliminary ??????????? rev ? 1.3, ? page ? 6 ? of ? 13 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? ? ?? attenuation ? test ? setups: ??? ? figure ? 8 ?\? open \ frame ? emi ? test ? setup ? using ? the ? qpi \ 21 \ cb1 ? carrier ? board ? with ? 48v ? converter. ? ? ? figure ? 9 ?\? base \ plate ? emi ? test ? setup ? using ? the ? qpi \ 21 \ cb1 ? carrier ? board ? with ? 48v ? converter. ? ? ? figure ? 10 ?\ ? base \ plate ? emi ? test ? setup ? using ? the ? qpi \ 21 \ cb1 ? carrier ? board ? with ? 48v ? converter. ? ? in ? figures ? 10, ? 11 ? and ? 12, ? c1 ? is ? the ? required ? 47uf ? capacitor ? (united ? chemi \ con ? emve101ara470mke0s ? or ? equivalent), ? c2 ? is ? a ? converter ? input ? cap ? (value ? dependent ? on ? converter), ? and ? the ? cy ? capacitors ? are ? high \ voltage, ? 4.7nf ? ceramics ? (murata?s ? grm31br73a472kw01l ? or ? equivalent). ? ? ?
? ? ?? ? ? ?? picor ? corporation ??? picorpower.com ???? qpi \ 21 ?? ? preliminary ??????????? rev ? 1.3, ? page ? 7 ? of ? 13 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? ? ? current ? de \ rating: ? mounted ? to ? qpi \ 21 \ eval1 ? evaluation ? board. ? ? figure ? 11 ?\? current ? de \ rating ? and ? power ? dissipation ? over ? ambient ? temperature ? range. ? ? the ? de \ rating ? curve ? in ? figure ? 11 ? is ? based ? on ? the ? maximum ? allowable ? internal ? component ? temperature ? and ? the ? 14a ? maximum ? rating ? of ? the ? qpi \ 21. ?? the ? power ? dissipation ? curve ? is ? based ? on ? the ? current ? squared ? multiplied ? by ? the ? internal ? resistance ? between ? the ? inputs ? and ? outputs ? of ? the ? filter. ? the ? internal ? resistance ? temperature ? coefficient ? is ? compensated ? for ? in ? the ? power ? dissipation ? curve. ? the ? left ? y ? axis ? is ? in ? amps ? for ? the ? solid ? trace, ? the ? right ? y ? axis ? is ? in ? watts ? for ? the ? dashed ? trace. ? ? ?
? ? ?? ? ? ?? picor ? corporation ??? picorpower.com ???? qpi \ 21 ?? ? preliminary ??????????? rev ? 1.3, ? page ? 8 ? of ? 13 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? ? qpi ? application ? circuits: ? filtering ? dual ? converters ? shield plane bus+ bus- chassis/shield 47uf cin1 cy1 cy2 lo a d 1 cy3 cy4 shield plane cin2 cy5 cy6 lo a d 2 cy7 cy8 in+ in- case out+ out- rc sc sense+ sense- in+ in- case out+ out- rc sc sense+ sense- shield ? bus+ qpi+ bus- qpi- xy+ xy- ? figure ? 12 ? ? ? the ? qpi \ 21 ? filtering ? dual ? supplies. ? (4) ? ? the ? shield ? plane ? under ? the ? two ? converters ? in ? figure ? 12 ? should ? be ? one ? contiguous ? plane ? under ? both. ? the ? circuit ? in ? figure ? 12 ? is ? capable ? of ? filtering ? more ? converters ? than ? shown, ? up ? to ? the ? maximum ? current ? limit ? of ? the ? qpi \ 21. ? in ? figure ? 13, ? the ? qpi+ ? and ? qpi \? outputs ? of ? each ? filter ? should ? not ? be ? connected ? in ? parallel. ?? the ? qpi \ 21 ? is ? not ? designed ? to ? be ? used ? in ? parallel ? with ? another ? qpi \ 21 ? to ? achieve ? a ? higher ? current ? rating, ? but ? it ? can ? be ? used ? multiple ? times ? within ? a ? system ? design. ? ? ? filtering ? parallel ? converters ? in+ in- pr out+ out- pc sc sense+ sense- bus+ bus- chassis/shield 47uf cin1 cy1 cy2 lo a d cy3 cy4 in+ in- pr out+ out- pc sc sense+ sense- cin2 47uf shield ? bus+ qpi+ bus- qpi- xy+ xy- shield ? bus+ qpi+ bus- qpi- xy+ xy- ? figure ? 13 ? ? ? dual ? qpi \ 21?s ? filtering ? paralleled ? converters ? feeding ? a ? common ? load. ? (5) ? ? note ? 5: ? in ? figures ? 15 ? and ? 16; ? cin1 ? and ? cin2, ? cy1 ? through ? cy8, ? should ? be ? the ? value ? and ? voltage ? rating ? recommended ? by ? the ? converter?s ? manufacturer.
? ? ?? ? ? ?? picor ? corporation ??? picorpower.com ???? qpi \ 21 ?? ? preliminary ??????????? rev ? 1.3, ? page ? 9 ? of ? 13 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? ? qpi ? insertion ? loss ? measurements ? common mode differential mode common mode differential mode common mode differential mode common mode differential mode ? figure ? 14 ?\ ? attenuation ? curves ? into ? a ? 50 ? line ? impedance, ? bias ? from ? a ? 48v ? bus. ? ? ? ? ? qpi ? insertion ? loss ? equation: ? ? ? ? ? ? qpi ? insertion ? loss ? test ? circuits ? bus in sig c hassis lisn bus in sig c hassis lisn shield ? bus+ qpi+ bus- qpi- ina inb sig 50 csig lo a d ipro be ipro be 47uf vbus ? ? figure ? 15 ? ? ? test ? set \ up ? to ? measure ? differential ? mode ? emi ? currents ? in ? figure ? 14. ? ? ? ? bus in sig c hassis lisn bus in sig c hassis lisn shield ? bus+ qpi+ bus- qpi- ina inb sig 50 csig lo a d ipro be ipro be 47uf vbus ? ? figure ? 16 ?\? test ? set \ up ? to ? measure ? common ? mode ? emi ? currents ? in ? figure ? 14. ? ? insertion loss 20 log ? i ina i inb ? ? ? ? ? ?
? ? ?? ? ? ?? picor ? corporation ??? picorpower.com ???? qpi \ 21 ?? ? preliminary ??????????? rev ? 1.3, ? page ? 10 ? of ? 13 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? ? ? mechanicals ? ? figure ? 17 ?\? lidded ? package ? dimensions, ? tolerance ? of ? 0.004? ? ? figure ? 18 ?\? open \ frame ? package ? dimensions, ? tolerance ? of ? 0.004? . ? pick ? and ? place ? from ? label ? center. ?
? ? ?? ? ? ?? picor ? corporation ??? picorpower.com ???? qpi \ 21 ?? ? preliminary ??????????? rev ? 1.3, ? page ? 11 ? of ? 13 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? ? ? pad ? and ? stencil ? definitions: ? ? ? figure ? 19 ?\? bottom ? view ? of ? open \ frame ? (of) ? and ? lidded ? (lid) ? products. ? (all ? dimensions ? are ? in ? inches.) ? ? ? figure ? 20 ?\? recommended ? receptor ? and ? stencil ? patterns. ? (all ? dimensions ? are ? in ? inches.) ? ? ? stencil ? definition ? is ? based ? on ? a ? 6mil ? stencil ? thickness, ? 80% ? of ? lga ? pad ? area ? coverage. ? lga ? package ? dimensions ? are ? for ? both ? the ? open \ frame ? and ? lidded ? versions ? of ? the ? qpi \ 21. ?
? ? ?? ? ? ?? picor ? corporation ??? picorpower.com ???? qpi \ 21 ?? ? preliminary ??????????? rev ? 1.3, ? page ? 12 ? of ? 13 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? pcb ? layout ? recommendations: ? ? figure ? 21 ?\? 3d ? view ? of ? paralleling ? planes ? underneath ? the ? qpi \ 21. ? ? pcb ? layout ? when ? laying ? out ? the ? qpi \ 21 ? emi ? filter ? it ? is ? important ? for ? the ? designer ? to ? be ? aware ? of ? the ? radiated ? emi ? field ? that ? all ? converters ? emit ? and ? to ? place ? the ? qpi \ 21 ? outside ? of ? this ? field ? area. ?? it ? is ? also ? recommended ? that ? the ? bus ? lines ? feeding ? into ? the ? qpi ? filter ? are ? not ? routed ? such ? that ? they ? lie ? between ? the ? qpi ? and ? the ? converter, ? or ? that ? their ? copper ? planes ? over \ lap ? on ? inner ? layers. ?? this ? can ? cause ? emi ? noise ? to ? be ? coupled ? from ? input ? to ? output ? via ? the ? parasitic ? capacitance ? between ? the ? planes. ? ? when ? using ? converters ? that ? have ? a ? large ? field ? of ? radiated ? emi ? surrounding ? them, ? the ? qpi \ 21 ? must ? be ? located ? outside ? of ? this ? area ? of ? radiation, ? with ? the ? bus ? voltage ? pins ? located ? on ? the ? side ? farthest ? away ? from ? the ? converter. ? this ? is ? to ? keep ? the ? radiated ? emi ? from ? by \ passing ? the ? filter ? and ? coupling ? directly ? to ? the ? bus ? feeds. ? post ? solder ? cleaning ? picor?s ? lz ? version ? qp ? sips ? are ? not ? hermetically ? sealed ? and ? must ? not ? be ? exposed ? to ? liquid, ? including ? but ? not ? limited ? to ? cleaning ? solvents, ? aqueous ? washing ? solutions ? or ? pressurized ? sprays. ? when ? soldering, ? it ? is ? recommended ? that ? no \ clean ? flux ? solder ? be ? used, ? as ? this ? will ? ensure ? that ? potentially ? corrosive ? mobile ? ions ? will ? not ? remain ? on, ? around, ? or ? under ? the ? module ? following ? the ? soldering ? process. ?? for ? applications ? where ? the ? end ? product ? must ? be ? cleaned ? in ? a ? liquid ? solvent, ? picor ? recommends ? using ? the ? qpi \ 21lz \ 01, ? open \ frame ? version ? of ? the ? emi ? filter. ? ? ? qpi \ 21 ? mechanical ? data ? datum ? units ? qpi \ 21lz ? qpi \ 21lz \ 01 ? notes ? fits ? failure/billion ? hrs. ? 208 ? 208 ? fits ? based ? on ? the ? bellcore ? standard ? tr \ 332 ? mtbf ? million ? hrs. ? 4.8 ? 4.8 ? mtbfs ? based ? on ? the ? bellcore ? standard ? tr \ 332 weight ? grams ? 6.5 ? 5.2 ?? msl ?? 3 ? 3 ?? peak ? reflow ? temperature ? c/20 ? seconds ? 245 ? 245 ? ipc/jedec ? j \ std \ 020d ? ?
? ? ?? ? ? ?? picor ? corporation ??? picorpower.com ???? qpi \ 21 ?? ? preliminary ??????????? rev ? 1.3, ? page ? 13 ? of ? 13 ? ? qpi \ 21 ? ? ? warranty ?? vicor ? products ? are ? guaranteed ? for ? two ? years ? from ? date ? of ? shipment ? against ? defects ? in ? material ? or ? workmanship ? when ? in ? normal ? use ? and ? service. ? this ? warranty ? does ? not ? extend ? to ? products ? subjected ? to ? misuse, ? accident, ? or ? improper ? application ? or ? maintenance. ? vicor ? shall ? not ? be ? liable ? for ? collateral ? or ? consequential ? damage. ? this ? warranty ? is ? extended ? to ? the ? original ? purchaser ? only. ?? ? except ? for ? the ? foregoing ? express ? warranty, ? vicor ? makes ? no ? warranty, ? express ? or ? limited, ? including, ? but ? not ? limited ? to, ? the ? warranty ? of ? merchantability ? or ? fitness ? for ? a ? particular ? purpose. ?? ? vicor ? will ? repair ? or ? replace ? defective ? products ? in ? accordance ? with ? its ? own ? best ? judgment. ? for ? service ? under ? this ? warranty, ? the ? buyer ? must ? contact ? vicor ? to ? obtain ? a ? return ? material ? authorization ? (rma) ? number ? and ? shipping ? instructions. ? products ? returned ? without ? prior ? authorization ? will ? be ? returned ? to ? the ? buyer. ? the ? buyer ? will ? pay ? all ? charges ? incurred ? in ? returning ? the ? product ? to ? the ? factory. ? vicor ? will ? pay ? all ? reshipment ? charges ? if ? the ? product ? was ? defective ? within ? the ? terms ? of ? this ? warranty. ?? ? information ? published ? by ? vicor ? has ? been ? carefully ? checked ? and ? is ? believed ? to ? be ? accurate; ? however, ? no ? responsibility ? is ? assumed ? for ? inaccuracies. ? vicor ? reserves ? the ? right ? to ? make ? changes ? to ? any ? products ? without ? further ? notice ? to ? improve ? reliability, ? function, ? or ? design. ? vicor ? does ? not ? assume ? any ? liability ? arising ? out ? of ? the ? application ? or ? use ? of ? any ? product ? or ? circuit; ? neither ? does ? it ? convey ? any ? license ? under ? its ? patent ? rights ? nor ? the ? rights ? of ? others. ? vicor ? general ? policy ? does ? not ? recommend ? the ? use ? of ? its ? components ? in ? life ? support ? applications ? wherein ? a ? failure ? or ? malfunction ? may ? directly ? threaten ? life ? or ? injury. ? per ? vicor ? terms ? and ? conditions ? of ? sale, ? the ? user ? of ? vicor ? components ? in ? life ? support ? applications ? assumes ? all ? risks ? of ? such ? use ? and ? indemnifies ? vicor ? against ? all ? damages. ?? ? vicor?s ? comprehensive ? line ? of ? power ? solutions ? includes ? high ? density ? ac \ dc ? and ? dc \ dc ? modules ? and ? accessory ? components, ? fully ? configurable ? ac \ dc ? and ? dc \ dc ? power ? supplies, ? and ? complete ? custom ? power ? systems. ? ? ? information ? furnished ? by ? vicor ? is ? believed ? to ? be ? accurate ? and ? reliable. ? however, ? no ? responsibility ? is ? assumed ? by ? vicor ? for ? its ? use. ? vicor ? components ? are ? not ? designed ? to ? be ? used ? in ? applications, ? such ? as ? life ? support ? systems, ? wherein ? a ? failure ? or ? malfunction ? could ? result ? in ? injury ? or ? death. ? all ? sales ? are ? subject ? to ? vicor?s ? terms ? and ? conditions ? of ? sale, ? which ? are ? available ? upon ? request. ?? ? specifications ? are ? subject ? to ? change ? without ? notice. ?? ? intellectual ? property ? notice ? ? vicor ? and ? its ? subsidiaries ? own ? intellectual ? property ? (including ? u.s. ? and ? foreign ? patents ? and ? pending ? patent ? applications) ? related ? to ? the ? products ? described ? in ? this ? data ? sheet. ? interested ? parties ? should ? contact ? vicor?s ? intellectual ? property ? department. ?? ? the ? products ? described ? in ? this ? data ? sheet ? are ? protected ? by ? the ? following ? u.s. ? patent ? numbers: ? 6,898,092 ? \? vicor ? corporation ?? 25 ? frontage ? road ?? andover, ? ma ? 01810 ?? usa ? picor ? corporation ?? 51 ? industrial ? drive ?? north ? smithfield, ? ri ? 02896 ? usa ? ? ? customer ? service: ? custserv@vicorpower.com ? technical ? support: ? apps@vicorpower.com ? tel: ? 800 \ 735 \ 6200 ? fax: ? 978 \ 475 \ 6715 ? ?

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